GMW14865
Determination of Scratch Resistance of Organic Coatings - Simulation of Car Wash Installations
有机涂层耐刮擦性的测定——模拟洗车装置
1 Scope
The purpose of this test is the simulation of a car washing installation and the determination of the
scratch resistance of organic coatings.
Note: Nothing in the specification supersedes applicable laws and regulations.
Note: In the event of a conflict between the English and the domestic language, the English language shall take precedence.
1范围
本测试的目的是模拟洗车装置，并确定有机涂层的耐刮擦性。
注：本规范中的任何内容均不得取代适用的法律法规。
注：如果英语和国内语言之间存在冲突，应以英语为准。
2 References
Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified.
2参考文献
注：除非另有规定，否则仅适用最新批准的标准。
2.1 External Standards/Specifications.
ASTM D2486
DIN 12605
DIN 67530
ISO 787-7
ISO 2813
2.1外部标准/规范。
ASTM D2486
DIN12605
DIN67530
ISO 787-7
ISO 2813
2.2 GM Group Standards/Specifications.
GMI 60300
2.2通用汽车集团标准/规范。
GMI 60300
2.3 Additional References. None.
2.3其他参考文献。没有。
3 Test Equipment
3测试设备
3.1 Test devices for sample pre-treatment according to GMI 60300.
3.1根据GMI 60300进行样品预处理的测试设备。
3.2 Gloss measuring instrument (e.g. micro-TRIgloss, Byk-Gardner).
3.2光泽度测量仪器（如Byk-Gardner的micro-TRI光泽度）。
3.3 Washability and abrasion tester with brush and brush holder according to ASTM D2486 (e.g. Model 494, Erichsen).
3.3根据ASTM D2486（例如型号494，Erichsen）的带刷子和刷架的可洗性和耐磨性测试仪。
3.4 Suitable precision balance.
3.4合适的精密天平。
3.5 Drying oven capable of maintaining the specified temperatures according to this test procedure.
3.5干燥箱能够根据本试验程序保持规定的温度。
3.6 Micronized Calcium Carbonate with the following characteristics:
• Chemical composition:
3.6具有以下特征的微粉化碳酸钙：
•化学成分：
CaCO3 ³ 98.5 %,
Fe2O3 £ 0.1 %
• Hardness: 3 Mohs
• Density: 2.7 g/ cm3
• Particle size distribution:
Sieve residue 45 µm (ISO 787-7): £ 0.1 %,
Upper cut (D 98 %): 12 µm,
Average particle diameter (D 50 %): 2.5 µm,
Particle proportion < 2 µm: 40 %
(e.g. Millicarb BG supplied by OMYA GmbH, Brohler Straße 11a, Cologne, Germany)
3.7 Standard Ground Weighing Bottles according to DIN 12605; h = 30 mm, d = 50 mm.
3.7符合DIN 12605的标准地面称重瓶；h=30毫米，d=50毫米。
3.8 Spatula.
3.8抹刀。
3.9 Graduated pipette 2.5 ml.
3.9刻度移液管2.5 ml。
3.10 De-ionized water.
3.10去离子水。
3.11 Closed storage container, filled with de-ionized water to immerse the ASTM brushes.
3.11封闭的储存容器，装满去离子水以浸没ASTM刷子。
3.12 Soft, non-scratching, absorbent tissues.
3.12柔软、不划伤、吸水的纸巾。
4 Test Material
4试验材料
The test shall be performed on specially prepared test samples with the dimensions
(450 ± 5) mm x (170 ± 5) mm and a thickness of 10 mm max., which have been painted according
to the requirements of the material specification. Test samples of coated metals as well as coated plastics may be used.
应在专门制备的尺寸为
（450±5）mm x（170±5）毫米，最大厚度为10毫米，已根据符合材料规范的要求。可以使用涂层金属和涂层塑料的测试样品。
5 Test Method
5.1 Summary of Test Method.
To simulate the stress of paint surfaces in car wash installations and to test their scratch resistance, the test samples are scratched with an abrasion tester using an oscillating brush charged with calcium carbonate slurry (scratching medium is the slurry, not the brush.) The gloss of the test sample shall be measured before and after scratching and the gloss reduction after strain shall be calculated.
The determined value of gloss reduction in % is the measure of the scratch resistance of paints.
5试验方法
5.1试验方法总结。
为了模拟洗车装置中油漆表面的应力并测试其耐刮擦性，使用装有碳酸钙浆料的振刷（刮擦介质是浆料，而不是刷子）用磨损试验机刮擦试样。应在刮擦前后测量试样的光泽度，并计算应变后的光泽度降低。
光泽度降低的确定值（%）是涂料耐刮擦性的衡量标准。
5.2 Test Sample Preparation.
It shall be ensured that the organic coating is completely dried. Therefore pre-treatment and test should be performed after a specified period after date of manufacturing.
5.2试样制备。
应确保有机涂层干燥。因此，预处理和测试应在制造日期后的时间后进行。
5.2.1 Oven-curing organic coatings: Not earlier than 7 days after coating and baking.
5.2.1烘箱固化有机涂料：不早于涂层和烘烤后7天。
5.2.2 Air drying organic coatings: Not earlier than 10 days after application.
5.2.2空气干燥有机涂料：涂覆后不早于10天。
5.2.3 Parts supplied with organic coatings shall be tested as delivered, except in cases where the time periods are less than those specified in paragraph
5.2.3提供有机涂层的零件应在交付时进行测试，除非时间短于第段中规定的时间
5.2.1 and 5.2.2.
5.3 Test Procedure. The test shall be performed in a temperature range of (+20...+26) C.
5.3测试程序。试验应在（+20…+26）℃的温度范围内进行。
5.3.1 The initial paint gloss of the cleaned test sample shall be determined.
The gloss measurement shall be performed according to DIN 67530 / ISO 2813, 20 optical angle, at the 5 marked measurement points "x" (distance between the points: 35 mm, see Figure 1).
The position of the measurement points shall be selected so that they are located in the central area of the subsequent scratch paths, which shall be set out in the Y-direction.
The initial gloss value G0 is the mean value measured at the 5 marked points
5.3.1应测定清洁后的试样的初始油漆光泽度。
光泽度测量应按照DIN 67530/ISO 2813，20个光学角度，在5个标记的测量点“x"（点之间的距离：35 mm，见图1）进行。
应选择测量点的位置，使其位于后续划痕路径的中心区域，这些划痕路径应在Y方向上设置。
初始光泽度值G0是在5个标记点测量的平均值
Figure 1: Arrangement Of Measurement Points
1 Scratch path, 25 double strokes
2 Scratch path, 200 double strokes
(5 ± 0.01) g micronized Calcium Carbonate shall be weighed into a weighing bottle, mixed with 2.5 ml de-ionized water and stirred to a homogeneous slurry using a spatula.
The ASTM brush shall be removed from the storage container and be shaken vigorously to remove most of the adhering water in order to prevent a dilution of the slurry.
Immediately thereafter, the slurry shall be applied evenly over the bristle-end surface of the brush,
using the spatula.
1个划痕路径，25个双笔划
2划痕路径，200双笔划
将（5±0.01）g微粉化碳酸钙称重到称重瓶中，与2.5 ml去离子水混合，并用抹刀搅拌成均匀的浆液。
应从储存容器中取出ASTM刷子，用力摇晃以去除大部分粘附的水，以防止浆料稀释。
此后，应立即将浆料均匀地涂在刷子的鬃毛端面上，
5.3.2 The brush charged with the slurry shall then be fixed into the brush holder of the tester and positioned on the test surface.
Test cycle I (25 double strokes) respectively test cycle II (200 double strokes) are carried out.
Subsequently, the test sample shall be pre-rinsed with running cold tap water, thereafter with de-ionized water and then dried with a soft absorbent tissue.
The used brush shall be thoroughly pre-rinsed with running cold tap water, thereafter flushed with de-ionized water.
After use the ASTM brush is stored in a closed storage container filled with de-ionized water.
The brush shall be completely immersed with the bristles pointing vertically upwards.
This ensures a constant swelling and prevents a deforming of the Polyamide bristles.
使用抹刀。
5.3.2然后将装有浆料的刷子固定在测试仪的刷架上，并放置在测试表面上。
分别进行测试循环I（25次双冲程）和测试循环II（200次双冲程。
随后，应使用流动的冷自来水对测试样品进行预冲洗，然后用去离子水冲洗，最后用柔软的吸水纸巾干燥。
用过的刷子应先用流动的冷自来水冲洗，然后用去离子水冲洗。
使用后，将ASTM刷子存放在装有去离子水的封闭储存容器中。
刷子应浸入水中，刷毛朝上。
这确保了聚酰胺鬃毛的持续膨胀并防止其变形。
6 Evaluation and Rating
Abrasion tester and brush holder shall be calibrated according to ASTM D2486.
The brush conditions shall be checked in regular periods and exchanged if necessary.
This the case, when e.g. the protruding bristles have a length < 19 mm in soaked condition (or < 18 mm in dry condition) or the bristles are damaged or deformed.
Furthermore the brush shall be exchanged after a maximum of 100 000 double strokes or an application period of 3 years.
6评估和评级
磨损试验机和电刷架应按照ASTM D2486进行校准。
应定期检查电刷状况，必要时进行更换。
例如，当突出的鬃毛在浸泡状态下的长度小于19毫米（或在干燥状态下小于18毫米）或鬃毛损坏或变形时，就会出现这种情况。
此外，刷子应在最多100000次双冲程或3年的使用期后更换。
6.1 The gloss is measured immediately after stressing. In each case, the gloss measuring instrument shall be positioned parallel to the scratches I (25 double strokes) and II (200 double strokes) on the previously, precisely defined measurement points (see Figure 1) and the gloss (20 optic) shall be measured according to DIN 67530 / ISO 2813.
Both gloss values G25 and G200 shall be determined via calculation of the mean value.
6.1应力处理后立即测量光泽度。在每种情况下，光泽度测量仪器应平行于之前精确定义的测量点上的划痕I（25个双笔划）和II（200个双冲程）放置（见图1），光泽度（20个光学）应根据DIN 67530/ISO 2813进行测量。
光泽度值G25和G200应通过计算平均值来确定。
6.2 The test samples shall then be stored for 1 h in a heating cabinet at a temperature of (+80 ± 3) C and shall be measured analogously to paragraph 6.1 after heat treatment.
The gloss values G25(recovery) and G200(recovery) are obtained.
6.2然后，应将试验样品在温度为（+80±3）C的加热柜中储存1小时，并在热处理后按照第6.1段进行类似测量。
获得光泽度值G25（恢复）和G200（恢复）。
6.3 The result of the scratch test shall be specified in % gloss reduction after 25 or 200 double strokes.
Gloss reduction (L) is calculated using the following formula:
The values L25 and L200 characterize the scratch resistance of paint surfaces immediately after stressing. However, as organic coatings are able, to some extent, to recover from this stressing, it is important to determine the values L25(rec.) and L200(rec.), which better describe the characteristics of paint surfaces in respect of their behavior in car washing installations.
The calculated values L25(rec.) and L200(rec.) serve to characterize scratch resistance
6.3划痕试验的结果应以25或200次双冲程后光泽度降低的百分比表示。
光泽度降低（L）使用以下公式计算：
值L25和L200表征了施加应力后油漆表面的耐刮擦性。然而，由于有机涂层能够在一定程度上从这种应力中恢复，因此确定L25（rec.）和L200（rec）。
计算值L25（rec.）和L200（rec）
7 Report
With reference to this test procedure the results shall be presented in a test report.
7报告
根据本测试程序，结果应在测试报告中呈现。
8 Safety
This method may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This method does not propose to adress all the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of user of this method to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
8安全
这种方法可能涉及危险材料、操作和设备。这种方法并不打算解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题。该方法的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。
9 Coding System
This Test Method shall be called up in other documents, drawings, VTS, CTS etc. as follows:
“Test to GW14865"
10 Release and Revisions
10.1 Release.
This standard originated in NOV 2005, replacing GME 60472. It was first approved by
the Global Materials Team in SEP 2006. It was first published in JAN 2007.
|
